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Airports have always had to comply with certain environmental regulations arising out of their operations, as local governments require impact studies on new construction projects and soundproofing nearby homes. Landings and takeoffs, as well as the diesel shuttles that circle the terminal roads, leave thousands of tons of toxic emissions in a compact area of the city. And for years, many airports have been slow to adopt measures that go beyond the minimum requirements.

U.S. airlines emitted about 418 billion pounds of carbon dioxide in 2007, according to the Air Transport Association, the airline industry trade group.

Airports have been spending hundreds of millions in terminal facilities that are esthetically pleasing but are not configured to conserve energy. Because of the perilous situation in airlines, airports call for quick return on investment funds. Occasionally the return on investment on these (environmental) projects is not adequate enough for the airport.

However, similar to many other industries, airports are fast adopting the green zeitgeist,
led partly by better social consciousness and ameliorating engineering science, and made
more pressing by ascending fuel costs.

This report covers the various concepts employed by airports in today’s age to go “green.” The report takes a look at this new trend through case studies.

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IBISWORLD INDUSTRY MARKET RESEARCH REPORT

This is the replacement for IBISWorld’s September 2008 edition of Airports in Australia report.

Industry Market Research Synopsis

This Industry Market Research report from IBISWorld provides a detailed analysis of the Airports in Australia industry, including key growth trends, statistics, forecasts, the competitive environment including market shares and the key issues facing the industry.

Industry Definition

This industry provides civil airport and space port facilities, aerospace navigation, and other services to air or space transport units.

Report Contents

The Key Statistics chapter provides the key indicators for the industry for at least the last three years. The statistics included are industry revenue, industry gross product, employment, establishments, exports, imports, domestic demand and total wages.

The Market Characteristics chapter covers the following: Market Size, Linkages, Demand Determinants, Domestic and International Markets, Basis of Competition and Life Cycle. The Market Size section gives the size of the domestic market as well as the size of the export market. The Linkages section lists the industry’s major supplier and major customer industries. The Demand Determinants section lists the key factors which are likely to cause demand to rise or fall. The Domestic and International Markets section defines the market for the products and services of the industry. This section provides the size of the domestic market and the proportion accounted for by imports and exports and trends in the levels of imports and exports. The Basis of Competition section outlines the key types of competition between firms within the industry as well as highlighting competition from substitute products in alternative industries. The Life Cycle section provides an analysis of which stage of development the industry is at.

The Segmentation chapter covers the following: Products and Service Segmentation, Major Market Segments, Industry Concentration and Geographic Spread. The Products and Service Segmentation section details the key products and/or services provided by this industry, highlighting the most important where possible to demonstrate which have a more significant influence over industry results as a whole. The Major Market Segments section details the key client industries and/or groups as well as giving an indication as to which of these are the most important to the industry. The Industry Concentration section provides an indicator of how much industry revenue is accounted for by the top four players. The Geographic Spread section provides a guide to the regional share of industry revenue/gross product.

The Industry Conditions chapter covers the following: Barriers to Entry, Taxation, Industry Assistance, Regulation and Deregulation, Cost Structure, Capital and Labor Intensity, Technology and Systems, Industry Volatility and Globalization. The Barriers to Entry section outlines factors that can prevent a new company from entering this industry and also gives an indication of the extent to which this occurs. The Taxation section details all kinds of taxation that are specific or are particularly important to this industry, including taxation concessions. The Industry Assistance section refers to any government and/or other measures designed to improve the performance of this industry. The Regulation and Deregulation section details any applicable regulation and/or deregulation to this industry. The Cost Structure section details the average costs for a company operating in this industry as a percentage of total revenue. The Capital and Labor Intensity section provides a guide to the amount of capital used in production/providing a service compared to the amount of labor in the total mix of inputs. The Technology and Systems section acknowledges the latest technology and/or systems available to this industry within the country. Technology refers to machinery and equipment and systems refers to methods of production that enable better and more efficient production. The Industry Volatility section refers to the year on year fluctuations which occur in industry output. The Globalization section gives an indication of the extent to which the industry is global based on factors such as the level of foreign ownership, the proportion of demand accounted for by foreign operators and the volume of production conducted in other countries.

The Performance chapter provides an analysis of both the industry’s Current Performance and Historical Performance. The Current Performance section provides the key analysis for the industry over the past five years with key performance indicators discussed. The Historical Performance section details previously important events in the development of the industry.

The Key Competitors chapter lists the major players in the industry as well as an analysis of each major player’s activities in the industry. Market share information is included where possible.

The Key Factors chapter covers the industry’s Key Sensitivities and Key Success Factors. The Key Sensitivities section outlines the key factors that are outside the control of an operator in the industry, but are likely to have significant impact on a business. The Key Success Factors section details the factors within the control of an industry operator and which should be followed in order to be successful in the industry. Often this will include behavior that will help to minimize the effects of the Key Sensitivities.

The Outlook chapter is a key analysis section of the report and outlines expectations for the key industry indicators over the next five year period, including forecasts.

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RFID is an extremely powerful enabling technology in airports and aircraft, serving to improve security against criminal attack, safety against general hazards, efficiency, error prevention and data capture and to remove tedious tasks. It can even create new earning streams where it makes tolling feasible without causing congestion and where new airport “touch and go” cards offer new paid services without delays. Learn all about the opportunities, progress so far and needs.

This is the first in-depth research into the rapid increase in use of RFID in the air industry.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an extremely powerful enabling technology in airports and aircraft, serving to improve security against criminal attack, safety against general hazards, efficiency, error prevention and data capture and to remove tedious tasks. It can even create new earning streams where it makes tolling feasible without causing congestion and where new airport “touch and go” cards offer new paid services without delays. RFID creates competitive advantage in many ways and in many locations. Managers in the air industry and their suppliers are in danger of being left behind if they are ignorant of the successes and new possibilities of using RFID to improve the air industry. This unique report therefore looks at the broad sweep of work in this area, and gives market sizes, paybacks and forecasts. In particular, we assess the following applications:

Airline baggage tagging
Reduced wastage in food trolleys
Cargo tracking: improving operations
Parts
Freight: enabling the IAT e-freight initiative

The potential amount that RFID baggage tagging can save amounts to $760 million a year and is therefore worthwhile tackling. In some cases the saving has been very high - in Hong Kong airport, for example, the average cost of handling bags has gone from $7 per bag to $4 - a huge saving. By early 2008, more than 30 airports are using/trialling RFID for baggage handling. The major roll-out at Hong Kong is beginning to be done elsewhere - including now at Milan airport.

Paybacks from RFID in the air industry are typically in the satisfactory 1-2 years range but some paybacks of only months have been reported particularly where new earning streams are created. RFID has been most lucrative when it has been used to change the way of doing business.

Market forecasts
The spend on RFID systems, including tags, exclusively for the air industry (ie omitting passports, visas, general credit and debit cards etc) is included in this report. There is considerable upside potential in these forecasts depending on progress in countries such as China. The forecasts see early rapid growth of baggage tagging which then becomes commoditised at the tag level in 5-10 years, compensation coming from rapid growth of other substantial applications in the later years.

For example, in the later years, up to $60 million may be spent yearly on sophisticated RFID tags for aircraft parts and equipment, with the associated infrastructure and services being a larger figure. The numbers, unit prices and value of the RFID baggage tags alone from 2008-2018 are also given in the report.

The number of RFID baggage tags delivered in 2007 was about 25 million at an average price of 20 cents. In 2004 only a few tens of thousands were used and only in trials. The main airports taking these deliveries were Las Vegas, Hong Kong and Milan but there was major trial or rollout activity at Atlanta, Denver, Los Angeles, Narita Japan and several Korean airports as well.

Table of Contents:

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1.1. Airports today
1.1.2. Many challenges
1.2. What is RFID?
1.2.1. RFID is in many parts of the modern airport already
1.2.2. Everyday RFID - car clickers, contactless cards
1.3. Airport challenges and RFID solutions
1.4. Why RFID is pervading airports
2. LEARNING FROM OTHER INDUSTRIES THAT ARE AHEAD IN CERTAIN RESPECTS
2.1. Retailing
2.2. Postal and courier services
2.3. Military
2.4. Healthcare
2.5. Transport
3. RELEVANT NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN RFID
3.1. EPC and the Internet of Things
3.2. Cleverer tags
3.2.1. Ultra small tags from Thailand, Malaysia and Japan
3.2.2. UHF tags with advanced antennas
3.2.3. HF tags are most popular and are no longer limited to one meter range
3.2.4. Printed RFID
3.3. Cleverer infrastructure and software
3.3.1. Multiprotocol, multifrequency intelligent interrogators
3.3.2. RFID with or on GSM, WiFi, Bluetooth, GPS, DSRC, UWB, Zigbee
3.4. Cost reduction of tags and infrastructure
3.4.1. Tags
3.4.2. Infrastructure, software and support
3.4.3. RFID and Real Time Location Systems (RTLS)
4. RECENT ANNOUNCEMENTS OF NEW CAPABILITY AND INITIATIVES
4.1. Passenger processing - cards instead of tickets?
4.2. Baggage handling and the Simplifying the Business program
4.3. European Aviation Safety Agency
4.4. Border crossing
4.5. Ubiquitous Sensor Networks - developments in Korea, Japan and USA
4.6. E-passports and visas
4.6.1. Privacy concerns and delays resulting
4.6.2. Benefits of e-passports to airports
4.6.3. Airlines are a weak link
4.6.4. Simplifying travel
4.6.5. Orders placed
4.6.6. Interesting questions for the future
4.7. Integrity of RFID security in cards, passports, visas
4.7.1. Security of RFID smart cards - the general debate
4.7.2. Encryption
4.7.3. At least as secure as contact cards
4.7.4. Fewer ways in for the criminal
4.7.5. Invasive attacks a concern
4.7.6. Opinion of Cryptography Research
4.7.7. Minority opinions
4.8. Holistic view of airports needed
5. CASE STUDIES OF RFID IN AIRPORTS
5.1. Baggage
5.1.1. Las Vegas McCarran International Airport, baggage, USA
5.1.2. Malpensa Airport, baggage, Italy
5.1.3. Seattle Airport SeaTac Terminal, baggage USA
5.1.4. Asiana Airlines, baggage tracking and monitoring, Korea
5.1.5. Auto-ID Laboratory air baggage Hong Kong/ US
5.1.6. KLM and Air France, baggage, The Netherlands, France, Japan
5.1.7. Delta Airlines/Jacksonville Airport Authority baggage, USA
5.1.8. Heathrow International Airport baggage collection, UK
5.1.9. Helsinki Vantaa International Airport, baggage, Finland
5.1.10. Hong Kong International Airport, baggage tracking, China
5.1.11. KLM Airline, baggage, The Netherlands
5.1.12. Korea Airports Corporation, Incheon, Gimpo and Haneda Airports baggage tracking, Korea
5.1.13. Lan Chile Airlines, baggage, Chile
5.1.14. Savarnabhumi Airport, baggage, Thailand
5.1.15. Singapore Airlines baggage, Singapore
5.1.16. Narita Airport, baggage tags HF, Japan
5.1.17. Narita International Airport, Tokyo Japan, air baggage, UHF, Japan
5.1.18. San Francisco International Airport, baggage USA
5.2. Vehicles and trailers - buses, taxis, cars, GSE etc
5.2.1. Vantaa Airport taxis, Finland
5.2.2. BAA, taxis at Heathrow International Airport Steria System, UK
5.2.3. BAA taxis at Heathrow International Airport, original TransCore system UK
5.2.4. Charles de Gaulle Airport taxis, original system France
5.2.5. Arlanda Airport, employee vehicle parking, Sweden
5.2.6. Dallas Fort Worth Airport International Highway vehicle tolling, USA
5.2.7. Dallas Fort Worth Airport vehicle tolling USA
5.2.8. Delta Airlines, GSE vehicles, USA
5.2.9. Heathrow Airport, GSE vehicle access control, UK
5.2.10. John Wayne Airport, ground traffic USA
5.2.11. Los Angeles and Orange County Airports road tolling, USA
5.2.12. Newark Liberty International Airport, Vehicles, USA
5.2.13. Zurich International Airport baggage wagons, Switzerland
5.2.14. Vienna International Airport GSE vehicles, Austria
5.3. Conveyances - ULDs, trolleys etc
5.3.1. Hong Kong International Airport, food trolley hangers, China
5.3.2. Sepang Airport, food trolleys, Malaysia
5.3.3. KLM food trolleys, Holland
5.3.4. Air Canada, tracking trolleys, Canada
5.3.5. Envirotainer air cargo, Europe
5.3.6. Arlanda Airport baggage pallets, Sweden
5.3.7. TNT Express, air containers, Europe
5.3.8. Dubai International Airport, luggage trolleys, Dubai
5.4. Cards, tickets, badges, assets
5.4.1. Boise Air Terminal/Gowen Field Airport, access control, USA
5.4.2. Finnair check-in card, Finland
5.4.3. Frankfurt International Airport, assets requiring maintenance, Germany
5.4.4. IATA Airlines, E- ticketing project, worldwide
5.4.5. Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport parking card, USA
5.4.6. Lufthansa frequent flyer card, Germany
5.4.7. Manchester International Airport, people, UK
5.4.8. Newark Liberty International Airport, Trusted Travellers’ card, USA
5.4.9. Schonefeld, Tegel and Templehof Airports card access, Germany
5.4.10. Southwest Florida International Airport, access cards, USA
5.4.11. Swissair/Sabena loyalty card, Switzerland, Belgium
5.5. Aircraft parts and tools
5.5.1. Airbus A380 parts, Europe
5.5.2. Airbus, aircraft parts in general, USA
5.5.3. Boeing, aircraft parts, item level, USA
5.5.4. Boeing, Real Time Locating System (RTLS), item level, USA
5.5.5. Delta Airlines, aircraft parts - item level, USA
5.5.6. FedEx, aircraft parts - item level, USA
6. MARKET FORECASTS 2008 2018
APPENDIX 1: FURTHER READING FROM IDTECHEX
APPENDIX 2: INTRODUCTION TO RFID
APPENDIX 3: EPCGLOBAL AND THE INTERNET OF THINGS

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