Alternative Fuels

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Sun 27 Sep 2009

How Dependent are We on Foreign Oil?

Posted by bharatbookgroup under report , market size , research , Crude Oil , department of energy , Alternative Fuels , Market Share , Market Leaders , Demand Forecast , Market Report , Market , market forecast , Market growth , Oil and Gas
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The United States imported about 58% of the petroleum1, which includes crude oil and refined petroleum products, that we consumed during 2007. About half of these imports came from the Western Hemisphere. Our dependence on foreign petroleum is expected to decline in the next two decades.

The United States consumed 20.7 million barrels per day (MMbd) of petroleum products during 2007 making us the world’s largest petroleum consumer.  The United States was third in crude oil production at 5.1 MMbd.  But crude oil alone does not constitute all U.S. petroleum supplies. Significant gains occur, because crude oil expands in the refining process, liquid fuel is captured in the processing of natural gas, and we have other sources of liquid fuel, including biofuels. These additional supplies totaled 3.6 MMbd in 2007. However, we still needed 13.5 MMbd of imported crude oil and petroleum products to meet U.S. demand.  The United States also exported 1.4 MMbd of crude oil and petroleum products during 2007, so our net imports (imports minus exports) equaled 12.0 MMbd.

Petroleum products imported by the United States during 2007 included gasoline, diesel fuel, heating oil, jet fuel, chemical feedstocks, asphalt, and other products. Still, most petroleum products consumed in the United States were refined here. Net imports of petroleum other than crude oil were 10% of the petroleum consumed in the United States during 2007.

About Half of U.S. Petroleum Imports Come from the Western Hemisphere

Some may be surprised to learn that almost 50% of U.S. crude oil and petroleum products imports came from the Western Hemisphere (North, South, and Central America and the Caribbean including U.S. territories) during 2006. We imported only 16% of our crude oil and petroleum products from the Persian Gulf countries of Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. During 2007, our five biggest suppliers of crude oil and petroleum products were:

* Canada (18.2%)
* Mexico (11.4%)
* Saudi Arabia (11.0%)
* Venezuela (10.1%)
* Nigeria (8.4%)

It is usually impossible to tell whether the petroleum products you use came from domestic or imported sources of oil once they are refined.

Lower U.S. Petroleum Imports Expected in the Future

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) projects U.S. crude oil and petroleum products imports will decline from 12.1 MMbd in 2007 to 8.3 MMbd in 20302 . Growth in total U.S. petroleum consumption is expected to remain relatively flat out to 2030. Meanwhile, The increase in U.S. crude oil production in the Gulf of Mexico and elsewhere, combined with increasing biofuel and coal-to-liquids (CTL) production, is expected to reduce the need for imports over the longer term. U.S. petroleum import dependence is projected to fall from 58% in 2007 to 41% by 2030.
Although we are the third largest crude oil producer, most of the petroleum we use is imported.

For more please visit
http://www.bharatbook.com/Market-Research-Reports/Kuwait-Foreign-Petroleum-Exploration-Company-Oil-and-Gas-Assets-Report.html

 

Fri 25 Sep 2009

Uncluttered Fuels May Lower Death Rate from Ship Smokestacks

Posted by bharatbookgroup under clean energy , carbon emissions , Alternative Fuels , alternative energy , Energy Efficiency , Global Warming , Renewables , renewable energy sources , greenhouse gases , greenhouse gas emissions , Energy , Renewable energy , market forecast , Market , Demand Forecast , Market Report , Market growth , Market Leaders , research , report , market size , Market Share , Oil and Gas
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Growing levels of smoke gathered emanation from ocean travelling ships will result into nearly 87,000 demises worldwide per year by 2012- greater than currently believed, state studies on this topic, further stating government step in taking into consideration lowering sulfur emanations from shipping fuel (the key of air pollution connected to higher risks of sickness and death) would bring down the toll.  Ships giving out toxic exhaust fumes from diesel fuel add to the demises of tens of thousands of people in Europe, Asia and the United States every year. As many as 60,000 people residing in seaward communities along major shipping paths died from lung and heart charges as a consequence of high sulfate discharges from ships in 2002, according to the study released by the American Chemical Society.  Read more about Market Potential of Biodiesel

With worldwide marine trade on the rise and little ordinance of ship discharges, that death toll could rise to as many as 82,000 by 2012, says the report. The study’s U.S. Writers said diesel-powered ships burn some of the filthiest fuel on the planet today – on average, having almost 2,000 times the sulfur content of highway diesel fuel in the United States and Europe.

The study was authorized in part by Clean Air Task Force and Friends of the Earth International, which are talking terms with the U.N. International Maritime Organization for new ordinances to bring down shipping discharges.

A 2007 researchers’ study supposed nearly 60,000 amidst the masses expired prematurely across the world because of shipping-connected emanations in the year 2002. Majority of the ocean travelling ships light fuels containing high sulfur quantity that arrives at an average of 2.4 percent, James Winebrake and colleagues report. Their smokestacks discharge sulfur-containing contents connected to higher risks of diseases of the heart and lung. The toll according to the latest research indicates it could increase to 87,000 by 2012.

Restricting ships emissions by either limiting sulfur quantity in fuel or entitling air pollution monitor areas to lower air pollution situated around immensely crowded coastal areas are being taken into consideration by policymakers. Needing ships to utilize marine fuel containing 0.5 percent sulfur between 200 nautical miles of shore would cut down premature deaths by nearly 41,200, the study evaluates. Deaths could be prevented further due to less sulfur reductions, they state, provided that supposed emission checkpoints will leave an affirmative mark.

To read more please visit
http://www.bharatbook.com/Market-Research/Biofuels.html