Bharat Book Bureau

Batteries Supercapacitors Alternative Storage for Portable Devices

New technologies call for different forms of battery
Electronics and electrics are becoming ubiquitous, the devices appearing on and in higher and higher volume products including e-labels and e-packaging. This calls for different forms of battery, capacitor and other energy storage because priorities such as environmental credentials, thinness and compatibility with energy harvesting (eg solar cells) come to the fore alongside life and cost. This unique new report is directed towards those developing, marketing and using the new small electronic and electrical devices, particularly those that are self-sufficient. It will also interest those investing in new battery, capacitor and allied companies providing products for these markets and those regulating and supporting these burgeoning industries. To this end, the report is almost devoid of equations but it is replete with summary diagrams and tables, pros and cons, company profiles, new products and applications beyond the familiar ones. There is therefore much to interest those with a technical background as well. The report looks hard at what comes next, particularly over the next ten years.

Designed for a broad range of readers
We use relatively simple language so the report can be useful to as broad a range of readers as possible, enhanced by a glossary. After all, investors, government regulators, journalists and many other people have a great interest in the imminent huge deployment of small self-powered electronic and electrical devices. It will eventually reach hundreds of billions of products yearly, including electronically enhanced drug packs, magazines, disposable medical testers and much more besides. For the more technical, there are many new summary tables and diagrams comparing parameters required and achieved. The parameters, including costs, and the applications are compared and the work of many suppliers is evaluated. No other report on this subject is as broad ranging or up to date. The main emphasis is on what will needed and possible, not on rehearsing the story of traditional cylindrical, laptop and mobile phone batteries. Here we see the future.

Largest mobile energy storage market today
Energy storage for small devices, the subject of this report, forms by far the largest mobile energy storage market today, being much larger and faster growing than the market for heavy energy storage such as automotive and enjoying greater innovation for the future, including transparent and printed batteries. The report mainly concentrates on batteries and capacitors - including the rapid adoption of supercapacitors and hybrids of the two. It explains how they are constructed, how they work and the pros and cons. However, it also touches on the elusive small fuel cells and other options. Focussing on use in small devices, we forecast the market for both single use and rechargeable batteries by numbers and value from 2009-2019 and the market size for supercapacitors, tracking a return to rapid growth from 2010, after the global financial meltdown ends. The market drivers are given as they change over the years. We evaluate the limitations of current devices against what will be needed and what can be done. For example, as the traditional parameters of batteries and capacitors are painfully and slowly improved, some completely different improvements are proving exciting because they can open up completely new markets. These include transparent, edible, stretchable, woven, stitchable, implantable, biodegradable and wide area versions more suited to the world of ubiquitous electronics that is arriving. As wall decoration, windows, apparel, books, posters, consumer goods, pharmaceutical packaging , the sensing skin of an aircraft and the inside of a car and much more become electronic and local harvesting of power becomes commonplace, these are the products we need. We describe the remarkable new approaches including batteries assembled using viruses and carbon nanotubes, biomimetic and magnetic spin batteries and ones that can harvest energy in the human body. Then there are batteries and supercapabatteries only one tenth of a millimeter thick. Which are the most exciting developers and what will be available when? It is all here.

For more please visit
http://www.bharatbook.com/Market-Research-Reports/Batteries-Supercapacitors-Alternative-Storage-for-Portable-Devices.html

The way companies perceive and purchase their software is starting to change. Organizations no longer have to buy an on-premise application and host it on site, they can have it delivered on-demand, as a service or hosted by the software provider or a third party. But while these new models offer more choice in how they pay, receive and use applications, the proliferation of terms has led to some confusion amongst organizations about what they are and what they constitute.

‘The Future of Software Delivery: The opportunities and challenges of emerging software delivery models’ is a new report that examines the market conditions that led to the emergence of these new models and the benefits they offer over traditional delivery types. This report also examines future market opportunities for software delivery models and how they may be extended to hardware platforms in the future.

Key Findings

The size of the on-demand CRM market will increase rapidly through 2009 to reach 27% of total market size as the CAGR for on-demand far exceeds that for the total CRM market.

There are signs that enterprises with revenue of more than $1bn are also adopting more SaaS (Software as a Service) applications. Originally some industry commentators predicted SaaS would not expand beyond SMBs into larger organizations.

A study by Triple Tree and the Software and Information Industry Association (SIIA) found that on-demand deployments were 50% to 90% faster, with a total cost of ownership five to ten times less than installed software.

The growth rates for on-demand CRM and ERP application markets are significantly higher than for the premise-based market. This is an indicator of the high levels of growth potential in the market.

Use this report to…

Identify and target future growth areas of on-demand CRM using this report’s analysis of new market opportunities by sizeband, vertical and region, as well as market forecasts for key sectors.

Understand the key issues in the software delivery market including vendor ecosystem, competitor offering and on-demand vs on-premise deployments.

Enhance your sales and marketing strategies with this report’s comparison of different vendor strategies and recommendations on improving your go-to-market strategy.

Assess emerging software delivery models with this report’s cost analysis of implementing software via different models.

Explore issues including…

On-demand is often used interchangeably with SaaS, but it’s also a bigger concept in its own right, referring to a new way for organizations to respond faster to customer demand, build new partnerships or react to market changes.

Vendor ecosystem. At the moment there is no single vendor leading the market for SaaS delivered solutions. Jostling for dominance in this market are traditional applications vendors, infrastructure vendors, pure play SaaS vendors and services providers.

SaaS in the enterprise. SaaS looks set to continue pervading the enterprise, whether through those application areas that suit Internet-based delivery, such as web conferencing and collaboration tools, to those that were previously considered as necessary to be kept behind the firewall: helpdesk, back-up
software, word processing, spreadsheets, slideshows, content management and even supply chain
management software.

Discover…

What’s the difference between SaaS and traditional on-site implementations?

Will any of these alternative software models become the primary way that organisations buy software?

How is today’s hosting model different to the ill-fated ASP model of the 1990s?

Where does hosting fit in and how does it differ?

What are the limitations of these software delivery models?

Who are the leading vendors in this space? And is there a market leader yet?
Table of Contents:
 
 The Future of Software Delivery
 Executive summary 10
 New software delivery models 10
 The changing IT landscape 11
 Future opportunities 11
 Managed application hosting 12
 Pitfalls of new software delivery models 13
 Vendor activity 14
 Chapter 1 Introduction 18
 What is this report about? 18
 Who is this report for? 18
 Definitions 19
 Application service provider 19
 Hosted applications 19
 Managed application hosting 19
 On-demand 19
 On-demand subscription fees 20
 On-premise applications 20
 Service-oriented architecture (SOA) 20
 Software as a service (SaaS) 20
 Chapter 2 New software delivery models 22
 Summary 22
 Introduction 23
 Software as a Service 23
 Characteristics of SaaS 25
 Ownership 25
 Location 25
 Payment 25
 Tenancy 25
 Growth in the SaaS market 27
 The market opportunity 27
 On-demand 29
 Growth opportunities for on-demand 30
 Application hosting 31
 The ASP legacy 32
 Outsourcing 33
 Cloud computing 34
 Web 2.0 34
 Concluding thoughts 35
 Chapter 3 The changing IT landscape 38
 Summary 38
 Introduction 39
 How did IT come to be delivered as a service? 39
 The next big thing 39
 Disadvantages of the on-premise model 40
 Cost 40
 Implementation 41
 Support and maintenance 42
 The benefits of new software delivery models 42
 Lower IT costs 43
 More manageable costs 43
 Familiar pricing model 43
 Faster and easier implementation 44
 Less software needed 44
 Easier upgrades 44
 Faster time to value 44
 Greater access to new applications 44
 Stronger ties between IT and business goals 45
 Easier to manage 45
 Scalability 45
 Disaster recovery readiness 45
 Chapter 4 Future opportunities 48
 Summary 48
 Introduction 49
 CRM: the starting point for SaaS and on-demand 49
 CRM market opportunity 50
 Other application areas being delivered as a service 51
 The ERP market opportunity 51
 Business intelligence (BI) 52
 Email 53
 Others 53
 Hardware as a service 54
 Vertical opportunities 55
 Financial services 55
 The on-demand CRM market 55
 Vendor spotlight 55
 The benefits of SaaS for manufacturers 56
 SaaS delivered technology can support a range of business processes 58
 Go-to-market recommendations 60
 Public sector 64
 The on-demand CRM market 64
 Higher education 64
 Benefits of SaaS for institutions 65
 Higher education processes suitable for SaaS delivery 65
 SaaS in operation 68
 Go-to-market recommendations 70
 Communications 72
 The on-demand CRM market 72
 Utilities 72
 The on-demand CRM market 72
 Regional opportunities for on-demand CRM 73
 North America 73
 Europe, Middle East and Africa 73
 Asia Pacific 74
 Central and Latin America 75
 Chapter 5 Managed application hosting 78
 Summary 78
 Introduction 79
 Trends influencing the hosted application market 79
 More applications to be delivered through managed hosting 79
 Managed hosting is growing vertically and horizontally too 80
 Services as competitive differentiation for managed application hosting
 providers 81
 Growing costs could limit managed hosting providers 83
 Expect virtualization to help alleviate rising data center costs 83
 Being more efficient could boost green credentials too 84
 Chapter 6 The pitfalls of new software
 delivery models 88
 Summary 88
 Introduction 89
 Customer concerns about new delivery models 89
 Security 89
 Infrastructure 91
 Service levels 92
 Regulatory concerns 92
 Lack of customization 93
 Culture 94
 Challenge out-dated perceptions 95
 Be patient 96
 Challenges for software providers 97
 Architecture 97
 Service levels 98
 Customization 98
 Cost 98
 Customer support 99
 Security 99
 Overcoming barriers to adoption 100
 Educating the market 100
 More applications needed 101
 Stay flexible 101
 Promote on-demand and SOA as related concepts 101
 Conclusions 102
 Chapter 7 Vendor activity and effective
 strategies 104
 Summary 104
 Introduction 105
 Competitive landscape 105
 There are no clear leaders in the SaaS market 105
 Different vendors carry multiple SaaS product lines 106
 Vendor offerings 107
 Software providers 107
 New-breed on-demand vendors 107
 Traditional enterprise application vendors 112
 Infrastructure providers 118
 Amazon 118
 IBM 119
 EMC 119
 HP 120
 Dell 121
 Sun Microsystems 122
 Capitalizing on the market opportunity 123
 Key success factors for successful vendors 125
 Amount of configuration options 125
 Target and expand the right processes 126
 Develop SMB specific functionality 126
 Vendors should focus on a small number of key selling points 129
 Provide SaaS delivery to applications in a modular, expanding
 fashion 130
 Vendors need to continue to educate the market about issues such as
 security 130
 Configuration, configuration, configuration should be the mantra of
 SaaS vendors 131
 Index 132
 
 List of Figures
 Figure 3.1: The hidden costs of on-site deployments 41
 Figure 3.2: Advantages of the SaaS and on-demand delivery models 42
 Figure 4.3: Relative opportunities for SaaS within SCOR process groups 59
 Figure 4.4: Perceived inhibitors to SaaS adoption within manufacturing companies 62
 Figure 6.5: Challenges for software providers 97
 Figure 7.6: Key success factors for successful vendors 125
 
 List of Tables
 Table 2.1: A comparison of on-premise and SaaS delivery models 24
 Table 2.2: Features of the on-demand delivery model 30
 Table 2.3: Distinguishing between hosted and SaaS applications 31
 Table 4.4: The CRM vs on-demand CRM global market, 2004-2009 ($m) 50
 Table 4.5: The ERP vs. on-demand ERP global market, 2004-2009 ($m) 51
 Table 4.6: Deployment of different software delivery models in higher education institutions 64

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Electrical energy storage (apart from pumped storage hydropower) is still a peripheral part of the power generation infrastructure. However, the advancing use of renewable energy, particularly wind power, will change the perception of storage and lead to significant increase of its use. At the same time, developments over the last ten to twenty years have brought a range of new storage technologies to the brink of commercialization. However, commercial projects are in short supply.

The Future of Electrical Energy Storage is a management report that analyses the future of electrical energy storage and how the advancing use of renewable energy, particularly wind power, will change the perception of storage and lead to significant increase it its use.

Understand the key drivers and resistors of electrical energy storage and its impact on the landscape with the help of this report…

Some key findings from this report

• There is just 90GW of electricity storage capacity in operation - around 3% of global capacity, which is much lower than in other energy industries.

• As an emerging group of technologies, estimates on the cost of electrical energy storage vary widely, on average by more than 100% and typically much higher in battery technologies.

• Capacitors are the most efficient of the existing electrical energy storage technologies with a round trip efficiency of >95%, while hydrogen storage is, by a large margin, the least efficient technology.

• The US and Japan are the global leaders in large scale pumped storage hydropower plants with 9 and 12 plants respectively, compared to just 1 each in the UK, France and Australia.

• Based on an analysis of fixed and variable costs, batteries are currently the most expensive technologies – a key limiting factor compared to more mature alternatives such as pumped storage hydropower.
This new report will enable you to:

• Identify the leading technologies for electrical energy storage, their development status and application with this report’s in–depth analysis of the 7 leading electrical energy technologies (Pumped-storage hydropower, compressed air energy storage, batteries, flywheels, hydrogen storage, capacitors and superconducting magnetic energy storage), their development and future application.

• Compare the cost of different electrical energy storage technologies in terms of capital, fixed and variable costs from data found in this report.

• Understand the economics of electrical energy storage and the key factors that will drive economic competitiveness of each technology.

• Assess the future potential for energy storage and the role of growing renewable energy capacity as a market driver.

Table of Contents

Executive summary 10
Introduction 10
Pumped storage hydropower 10
Compressed air energy storage 11
Batteries 11
Flywheels 12
Hydrogen storage 12
Capacitors 13
Superconducting magnetic energy storage 13
The economics of electrical energy storage 14
The potential for electrical energy storage 14
Chapter 1 Introduction 16

Introduction 16
Storage technologies 18
The report 19

Chapter 2 Pumped-storage hydropower 22

Introduction 22
The pumped storage principle 25
Pumped storage technology 26
Variable speed technology 28
Plant siting 29
Operational performance 30
Renewable-pumped storage projects 31
Costs 32

Chapter 3 Compressed air energy storage 36

Introduction 36
The CAES principle 37
Compressed air storage sites 39
Site availability 42
CAES technologies and cycles 42
Integrated wind energy and CAES 44
CAES performance 45
Proposed projects 46
Costs 47

Chapter 4 Batteries 52

Introduction 52
The principle of operation 53
Principle battery types 54
Lead acid batteries 55
Nickel-cadmium batteries 58
Sodium-sulfur batteries 60
Zinc bromide flow batteries 63
Vanadium redox batteries 65
Polysulfide bromide flow batteries 67
Other battery types 68
Battery properties 69

Chapter 5 Flywheels 74

Introduction 74
The flywheel principle 75
Flywheel technology 76
Performance characteristics 78
Applications 80
Costs 81

Chapter 6 Hydrogen storage 84

Introduction 84
Fundamentals of a hydrogen storage system 85
Electrolyzers 86
Hydrogen storage 87
Electricity generation 88
Performance characteristics 89
Costs 91

Chapter 7 Capacitors 94

Introduction 94
Electrochemical capacitor fundamentals 95
Types of electrochemical capacitor 96
Performance characteristics 97
Applications 99
Costs 100

Chapter 8 Superconducting magnetic energy
storage 104

Introduction 104
Superconducting fundamentals 105
SMES applications 107
Performance characteristics 108
Costs 109

Chapter 9 The economics of electrical energy storage 112

Introduction 112
The capital cost of energy storage systems 114
Operation and maintenance costs 118
Energy storage efficiency 121
Is energy storage economical? 123

Chapter 10 The potential for electrical energy storage 128

Introduction 128
Storage applications 130
Renewable energy 131
Regulatory barriers 133
Future outlook 134

Index 137

List of Figures

Figure 2.1: Pumped storage plants with capacities in excess of 1,000MW by country 24
Figure 3.2: Estimated costs for storage caverns ($/kWh) 40
Figure 3.3: CAES plant costs ($/kW) 48
Figure 4.4: Efficiency vs cost by battery type 71
Figure 9.5: Unit cost of energy storage systems ($/kW) 115
Figure 9.6: Annual operational and maintenance costs for energy storage technologies ($/kW year) 119
Figure 9.7: Round trip efficiency of energy storage technologies (Efficiency %) 122
List of Tables

Table 2.1: Pumped storage plants with capacities in excess of 1,000MW 23
Table 2.2: Typical operational and economic parameters and costs of pumped storage hydropower 34
Table 3.3: Commercial CAES plants 36
Table 3.4: Estimated costs for storage caverns ($/kWh) 40
Table 3.5: CAES plant costs ($/kW) 48
Table 3.6: Typical operational and economic parameters and costs for CAES plants 49
Table 4.7: Utility scale lead-acid energy storage facilities 57
Table 4.8: Utility-scale sodium sulfur facilities 62
Table 4.9: Comparison of battery properties for utility applications 70
Table 5.10: Typical operational and economic parameters and costs of flywheels 82
Table 6.11: Typical operational and economic parameters and costs of hydrogen storage 91
Table 7.12: Typical operational and economic parameters and costs of capacitors 101
Table 8.13: Typical operational and economic parameters and costs of superconducting magnetic energy storage 109
Table 9.14: Capital cost of energy storage systems 114
Table 9.15: Annual operational and maintenance costs for energy storage technologies ($/kW year) 119
Table 9.16: Round trip efficiency of energy storage technologies (Efficiency %) 121 
For more information kindly visit
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New technologies call for different forms of battery
Electronics and electrics are becoming ubiquitous, the devices appearing on and in higher and higher volume products including e-labels and e-packaging. This calls for different forms of battery, capacitor and other energy storage because priorities such as environmental credentials, thinness and compatibility with energy harvesting (eg solar cells) come to the fore alongside life and cost. This unique new report is directed towards those developing, marketing and using the new small electronic and electrical devices, particularly those that are self-sufficient. It will also interest those investing in new battery, capacitor and allied companies providing products for these markets and those regulating and supporting these burgeoning industries. To this end, the report is almost devoid of equations but it is replete with summary diagrams and tables, pros and cons, company profiles, new products and applications beyond the familiar ones. There is therefore much to interest those with a technical background as well. The report looks hard at what comes next, particularly over the next ten years.

Designed for a broad range of readers
We use relatively simple language so the report can be useful to as broad a range of readers as possible, enhanced by a glossary. After all, investors, government regulators, journalists and many other people have a great interest in the imminent huge deployment of small self-powered electronic and electrical devices. It will eventually reach hundreds of billions of products yearly, including electronically enhanced drug packs, magazines, disposable medical testers and much more besides. For the more technical, there are many new summary tables and diagrams comparing parameters required and achieved. The parameters, including costs, and the applications are compared and the work of many suppliers is evaluated. No other report on this subject is as broad ranging or up to date. The main emphasis is on what will needed and possible, not on rehearsing the story of traditional cylindrical, laptop and mobile phone batteries. Here we see the future.

Largest mobile energy storage market today
Energy storage for small devices, the subject of this report, forms by far the largest mobile energy storage market today, being much larger and faster growing than the market for heavy energy storage such as automotive and enjoying greater innovation for the future, including transparent and printed batteries. The report mainly concentrates on batteries and capacitors - including the rapid adoption of supercapacitors and hybrids of the two. It explains how they are constructed, how they work and the pros and cons. However, it also touches on the elusive small fuel cells and other options. Focussing on use in small devices, we forecast the market for both single use and rechargeable batteries by numbers and value from 2009-2019 and the market size for supercapacitors, tracking a return to rapid growth from 2010, after the global financial meltdown ends. The market drivers are given as they change over the years. We evaluate the limitations of current devices against what will be needed and what can be done. For example, as the traditional parameters of batteries and capacitors are painfully and slowly improved, some completely different improvements are proving exciting because they can open up completely new markets. These include transparent, edible, stretchable, woven, stitchable, implantable, biodegradable and wide area versions more suited to the world of ubiquitous electronics that is arriving. As wall decoration, windows, apparel, books, posters, consumer goods, pharmaceutical packaging , the sensing skin of an aircraft and the inside of a car and much more become electronic and local harvesting of power becomes commonplace, these are the products we need. We describe the remarkable new approaches including batteries assembled using viruses and carbon nanotubes, biomimetic and magnetic spin batteries and ones that can harvest energy in the human body. Then there are batteries and supercapabatteries only one tenth of a millimeter thick. Which are the most exciting developers and what will be available when? It is all here.

Table of Contents:

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Small electrical and electronic devices
1.2. What is a battery?
1.2.1. Battery definition
1.2.2. Battery history
1.2.3. Analogy to a container of liquid
1.2.4. Construction of a battery
1.2.5. Many shapes of battery
1.2.6. Single use vs rechargeable batteries
1.2.7. Challenges with batteries in small devices
1.3. What is a capacitor?
1.3.1. Capacitor definition
1.3.2. Capacitor history
1.3.3. Analogy to a spring
1.3.4. Capacitor construction
1.4. Limitations of energy storage devices
1.4.1. The electronic device and its immediate support
1.4.2. Safety
1.4.3. Improvement in performance taking place
1.5. Standards
2. RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES
2.1. Technology successes and failures
2.2. Lithium polymer vs lithium ion
2.3. New shapes - laminar and flexible batteries
2.3.1. Laminar lithium batteries
2.3.2. Ultrathin battery from Front Edge Technology
2.4. Transparent battery - NEC and Waseda University
2.5. New methods of charging
2.6. Technology Challenges
2.7. Threat to lithium prices?
2.8. New applications for new laminar rechargeable batteries
3. SINGLE USE BATTERIES
3.1. Tadiran Batteries twenty year batteries
3.2. Laminar printed manganese dioxide batteries
3.2.1. Printed battery construction
3.2.2. Printed battery production facilities
3.2.3. Applications of printed batteries
3.2.4. Printed battery specifications
3.3. Other emerging needs for laminar batteries - apparel and medical
3.3.1. Electronic apparel
3.3.2. Wireless body area network
3.4. Nanotube flexible battery
3.5. Biobatteries do their own harvesting
3.6. Microbatteries built with viruses
3.7. Biomimetic energy storage system
3.8. Magnetic spin battery
4. CAPACITORS AND SUPERCAPACITORS
4.2. Example of capacitor storage application - e-labels
4.3. Many shapes of capacitor
4.4. Capacitors for small devices
4.5. Technology of capacitors
4.5.1. Technology of non-polar capacitors
4.5.2. Technology of the electrolytic capacitor
4.5.3. Development path
4.6. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors
4.6.2. High capacitance but at a price
4.6.3. Non-polar electrolytic
4.6.4. Safety issues
4.6.5. Polarity
4.6.6. The dielectric is fragile
4.6.7. Electrolyte
4.7. Tantalum electrolytic capacitors
5. SUPERCAPACITORS = ULTRACAPACITORS
5.1. Where supercapacitors fit in
5.2. Advantages and disadvantages
5.3. How it all began
5.4. Applications
5.5. Uses in small devices.
5.6. Relevance to energy harvesting
5.6.1. Perpetuum harvester
5.6.2. Human power to recharge portable electronics
5.6.3. Use in nanoelectronics
5.7. Can supercapacitors replace capacitors?
5.8. Can supercapacitors replace batteries?
5.9. Electric vehicle demonstrations and adoption
5.10. How an ELDC supercapacitor works
5.10.1. Basic geometry
5.10.2. Properties of EDL
5.10.3. Charging
5.10.4. Discharging and cycling
5.10.5. Energy density
5.10.6. Achieving higher voltages
5.11. Improvements coming along
5.11.1. Better electrodes
5.11.2. Better electrolytes
5.11.3. Better carbon technologies
5.11.4. Carbon nanotubes
5.11.5. Carbon aerogel
5.11.6. Solid activated carbon
5.11.7. Carbon derived carbon
5.11.8. Graphene
5.11.9. Polyacenes or polypyrrole
5.12. Supercapacitor performance without EDL - EEstor
5.13. Supercabatteries or bacitors
6. FUEL CELLS AND OTHER ALTERNATIVES
6.1. Fuel cells
6.2. New forms of miniature fuel cells
6.2.1. Microbial fuel cells
6.2.2. Lightweight hydrogen generating fuel cell
6.2.3. Biomimetic approach with MIT fuel cell
6.3. Mechanical storage
7. ORGANISATION PROFILES
7.1. Blue Spark Technologies USA
7.2. Cap-XX Australia
7.3. Celxpert Energy Corp. Taiwan Head Quarter
7.4. Cymbet USA
7.5. Duracell USA
7.6. Enfucell Finland
7.7. Excellatron USA
7.8. Freeplay Foundation UK
7.9. Front Edge Technology USA
7.10. Frontier Carbon Corporation Japan
7.11. Harvard University USA
7.12. Hitachi Maxell
7.13. Holst Centre Netherlands
7.14. Infinite Power Solutions USA
7.15. Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology Singapore
7.16. Lebônê Solutions South Africa
7.17. Massachusetts Institute of Technology USA
7.18. Matsushita Battery Industrial Company Ltd.
7.19. Maxwell Technologies Inc., USA
7.20. Nanotecture, UK
7.21. National Renewable Energy Laboratory USA
7.22. NEC Japan
7.23. Nippon Chemi-Con Japan
7.24. Oak Ridge National Laboratory USA
7.25. Planar Energy Devices USA
7.26. Power Paper Israel
7.27. Prelonic Technologies
7.28. Renata Batteries
7.29. ReVolt Technologies Ltd
7.30. Sandia National Laboratory USA
7.31. Solicore USA
7.32. Tadiran Batteries
7.33. Technical University of Berlin Germany
7.34. Sony Japan
7.35. University of California Los Angeles USA
7.36. University of Michigan USA
7.37. University of Sheffield UK
7.38. University of Wollongong Australia
7.39. Waseda University
8. MARKETS AND FORECASTS
8.1. Market for batteries, supercapacitors, other
8.2. Total global battery market
8.3. Global battery market by use
8.3.1. Batteries for RFID
8.3.2. Batteries for gift cards
8.3.3. Batteries for car keys
8.3.4. Printed and thin film batteries 2009-2019
9. GLOSSARY
APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY
APPENDIX 2 INTRODUCTION TO PRINTED ELECTRONICS
TABLES
1.1. Five ways in which a capacitor acts as the electrical equivalent of the spring
1.2. Advantages and disadvantages of some options for supplying electricity to small devices
1.3. Some limitations of batteries in small electronic devices and some solutions
3.1. Tadiran cylindrical battery ratings
3.2. Printed and thin film battery product and specification comparison
3.3. Printed battery materials comparison
3.4. The half cell and overall chemical reactions that occur in a Zn/MnO2 battery
4.1. Comparison of the three types of capacitor when storing one kilojoule of energy.
4.2. Examples of energy density figures for batteries, supercapacitors and other energy sources
6.1. Challenges faced in developing satisfactory fuel cells for vehicles
6.2. Types of fuel cell and characteristics
8.1. Global market for all batteries for use in portable devices $ billion
8.2. Global market for supercapacitors for use in portable devices $ billion
8.3. Total and small device battery market 2009 and 2019 $billions
8.4. Split of small device battery market in 2009 by shape, giving number, unit value, total value
8.8. Market forecast for printed and potentially printed batteries in US $ billions 2009-2019
FIGURES
1.1. Construction of a battery cell
1.2. MEMS compared with a dust mite less than one millimetre long
1.3. Power in use vs duty cycle for portable and mobile devices showing zones of use of single use vs rechargeable batteries
1.4. Principle of the creation and maintenance of an aluminium electrolytic capacitor
1.5. Construction of wound electrolytic capacitor
1.6. Comparison of construction diagrams of three basic types of capacitor
1.7. Types of ancillary electrical equipment being improved to serve small devices
1.8. Rapid progress in the capabilities of small electronic devices and their photovoltaic energy harvesting contrasted with more modest progress in improving the batteries they employ
2.1. Volumetric energy density vs gravimetric energy density for rechargeable batteries
2.2. Laminar lithium ion battery
2.3. Typical active RFID tag showing the problematic coin cells
2.4. Construction of a lithium rechargeable laminar battery
2.5. Reel to reel construction of rechargeable laminar lithium batteries
2.6. Ultra thin lithium rechargeable battery
2.7. Construction of a thin-film battery
2.8. NanoEnergy® powering a blue LED
2.9. Examples of transparent flexible technology
2.10. Flexible battery that charges in one minute
2.11. Battery assisted passive RFID label with rechargeable thin film lithium battery recording time-temperature profile of food, blood etc in transit
2.12. Bolivian salt flats
2.13. Chevrolet Volt
2.14. Electric Smart car
3.1. Tadiran in EZ pass
3.2. Tadiran’s new high voltage/high rate AA-sized lithium battery
3.3. Internal structure of Power Paper Battery
3.4. Power Paper printed manganese dioxide zinc battery that gathers moisture from the air
3.5. Screen printing of Blue Spark Technology flexible, sealed, manganese dioxide zinc batteries
3.6. Power Paper production line for printed batteries
3.7. Power Paper skin patch that delivers cosmetic through the skin by means of a printed battery and electrodes
3.8. Skin patches electronically communicating to skin patches powered by laminar batteries, coin cells being unacceptable
3.9. Audio Paper TM
3.10. Electronic apparel - sports bra with diagnostic electronics and animated t-shirt displaying music
3.11. Wireless body area network
3.12. Disposable digital plaster
3.13. Sensium system
3.14. Flexible battery made of nanotube ink
3.15. Microbattery built with viruses
3.16. Biomimetic energy storage
4.1. E-labels with capacitor and no battery.
4.2. Examples of small aluminum electrolytic capacitors
4.3. Simplest common modeling circuit for an electrolytic capacitor
5.1. Where supercapacitors fit in
5.2. Energy density vs power density for storage devices
5.3. Small carbon aerogel supercapacitors
5.4. Bikudo supercapacitor
5.5. Laminar supercapacitor one millimetre thick
5.6. Mobile phone modified to give much brighter flash thanks to supercapacitor outlined in red
5.7. Perpetuum energy harvester with its supercapacitors
5.8. Citizen Eco-DriveTM solar powered wristwatch with rechargeable battery
5.9. Symmetric supercapacitor construction
5.10. Symmetric compared to asymmetric supercapacitor construction
5.11. Single sheets of graphene
5.12. Graphene supercapacitor cross section
6.1. MIT Biomimetic fuel cell
6.2. Freeplay wind up radio in Africa
7.1. Blue Spark laminar battery
7.2. Celxpert notebook battery pack
7.3. Interchangeable notebook battery pack
7.4. The Cymbet EnerChip
7.5. Duracell NiOx batteries
7.6. Enfucell SoftBattery
7.7. Thin-film solid-state batteries by Excellatron
7.8. Solar-powered Lifeline radio
7.9. The world’s thinnest self standing rechargeable battery claims FET
7.10. Light in Africa
7.11. LiTESTAR
7.12. Comparison of an electrostatic capacitor, an electrolytic capacitor and an EDLC
7.13. Comparison of an EDLC with an asymmetric supercapacitor sometimes painfully called a bacitor or supercabattery
7.14. Researchers from Planar Energy -Devices, Inc., insert a sample into the vacuum chamber of the company’s thin-film deposition system
7.15. Planar Energy Devices has advanced the solid-state lithium battery from NREL’s crude prototype (below) to a miniaturized, integrated device (bottom)
7.16. Flexible battery that charges in one minute
7.17. Nippon Chemi-Con ELDCs - supercapacitors
7.18. New Planar Energy Devices high capacity laminar battery
7.19. Power Paper’s battery technology
7.20. Prelonic printed batteries

For more information kindly visit
http://www.bharatbook.com/Market-Research-Reports/Batteries-Supercapacitors-Alternative-Storage-for-Portable-Devices.html